Top best Criminal Defense Lawyers in PHOENIX | 860 available
860 Criminal Defense lawyers are available in PHOENIX, Arizona. These lawyers are rated between 4.4/5 to 4.8/5 and 52% provide free consultation with fees ranging from $35 to $69 per hour.
516 - 860
$202 - $546
35% - 69%
4.4 - 4.8 ★
FAQs - Criminal Defense Lawyers in city PHOENIX How many Criminal Defense lawyers actively serve residents of Phoenix, Arizona? Approximately 54 licensed attorneys focus on Criminal Defense across Phoenix, Arizona. Most matters are filed through the Arizona District Court, where local rules shape timelines and filing steps. What is the typical hourly fee for Criminal Defense lawyers in Phoenix, Arizona? In Phoenix, typical rates range from $233-$444 per hour for Criminal Defense. End-to-end case budgets frequently land between $3577 and $6833, depending on hearings and discovery. How long do Criminal Defense matters usually take in courts near Phoenix? Criminal Defense cases in Phoenix, Arizona usually take around 4-9 months depending on complexity and the Arizona District Court docket. Which local court most often hears Criminal Defense cases for people living in Phoenix, Arizona? Residents of Phoenix typically see Criminal Defense filings handled by the Arizona District Court. Proximity to helps with quick submissions and clerk communications. Do attorneys around offer a free first consultation for Criminal Defense? About 50% of firms near ZIP offer a free first consultation for Criminal Defense, so you can compare strategy and fit before committing.
860 Criminal Defense Lawyers Found Near You
Brett Donaldson’s civil practice is primarily focused in the areas of claims and defenses involving motor vehicle collisions, insurance defense/special investigation/fraud and also in areas of contracted agreements. Mr. Donaldson has extensive trial experience and has tried more than 60 jury trials to date with excellent results for his clients who are both individual and corporate clients.. In addition to his civil practice, Brett T. Donaldson practices in the area of criminal defense. He has tried dozens of serious felony cases, and has extensive trial experience in both non-jury trials and other criminal defense matters. Mr. Donaldson previously served as a Deputy County Attorney with the Maricopa County Prosecutor’s Office and was assigned to the Family Violence Bureau in the Major Crimes Division. Mr. Donaldson’s recent experience in criminal matters includes:. Before becoming a prosecutor, Mr. Donaldson served as a sworn police officer in southern California and graduated number one in his police academy. Mr. Donaldson’s experience as a police officer allows for additional insight in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the police investigation.. Mr. Donaldson effectively plans and executes trial strategies and utilizes strong negotiation skills to obtain pre-trial resolutions. While an early dismissal is certainly desirable, he will not hesitate to go to trial to get the best results for his clients.. Mr. Donaldson has a reputation within the legal community of being an honest, smart, and hard-working trial attorney. He has a passion for his clients and dedicates 100% to the defense of any client represented by his firm. Interested parties should contact him directly to discuss any legal issue that they may be facing to determine whether he may be of assistance.
Brad is a graduate of The Ohio State University and earned his Juris Doctorate from the University of Toledo College of Law. He is licensed to practice law in Arizona and has been since 2006. Prior to working at Gregg R. Woodnick, PLLC, Brad worked at the Maricopa County Office of the Legal Defender and the Arizona Attorney General's Office. This experience gave Brad a vast working knowledge of Family Law, Juvenile Law, and Criminal Law. Moreover, dealing with CPS for over 4 years gives Brad specific knowledge of child abuse/neglect cases. Brad's ability to represent clients who have cases that involve both CPS and criminal law is an asset to the firm.When not working, Brad enjoys spending time with his family and traveling.
Born in the small border town of Douglas, AZ, Ray Ybarra Maldonado is a Stanford educated attorney who took a two-year leave from his studies to directly intervene in the vigilante movement that was starting in Arizona. While working for the American Civil Liberties Union, Ybarra Maldonado was instrumental in starting a major civil rights lawsuit against one of the vigilantes and trained hundreds of volunteers and spent months following the Minutemen as they patrolled the U.S.-Mexico Border.. He co-wrote and co-produced the award winning documentary, Rights on the Line: Vigilantes at the Border and he has been quoted frequently in the national and international media on the topic of immigrants’ rights and the vigilantes.. Ybarra Maldonado is a noted public speaker who has given presentations at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico, and dozens of other universities, colleges, and community groups across North America.. Ybarra Maldonado has testified in front of local and state government entities and is work has been profiled in the Intelligence Report, Stanford Lawyer, and in a documentary that premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, entitled “Crossing Arizona.”. As a trial attorney, in the anti-immigrant state of Arizona, he has attained not guilty verdict on felony charges for immigrants in both state and federal court. He has also won cases at the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals on behalf of migrants and currently remains in the trenches fighting to stop deportations in the Florence, Eloy, and Phoenix immigration courts and representing immigrants charged with both state and federal crimes. His recent victories include a not guilty verdict following a jury trial in one of Sheriff Joe Arpaio’s workplace raid cases.. Ybarra Maldonado attended Cochise Community College in Douglas, AZ on a baseball scholarship and graduated Summa Cum Laude from Arizona State University with a degree in Religious Studies. He previously volunteered at migrants centers in Agua Prieta, Sonora and Tapachula, Chiapas where he assisted with cleaning, preparing food, and conducting human rights discussions.. Ybarra Maldonado is currently a non-residential fellow at the Stanford Center for Internet and Society, a board member of Los Abogados, and the Litigation Liason for the Arizona Chapter of the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA).. He lives with his wife and children, Ray Emerson and Stokely, in Phoenix, AZ. Prior to his marriage to his wife Dr. Angeles Maldonado he was “Ray Ybarra” and legally has changed his name to “Ray Ybarra Maldonado.” The family are avid fans of the Arizona State Sun Devils, Stanford Cardinal, and all things Arizona (minus the anti-immigrant politics).
Born and raised in Phoenix Arizona. Former Prosecuting Attorney for approximetly 5 years. Founding member of The Gillespie Law Firm in 1999. My Firm enjoys the highest AV rating, for skill and ethics, by Martindale Hubble which also lists me as a Preeminent Lawyer. I am Board Certified as a Criminal Law Specialist through the State Bar of Arizona. I am frequently asked to speak/lecture to other lawyers at continuing legal education seminars in Arizona on DUI and Criminal Defense topics. I have been interviewed numerous times by the local media regarding my cases as well as other high profile cases in Arizona and other States. We also handle serious injury and wrongful death cases and have recovered millions of dollars for our clients and or their surviving family members.
Born and raised in Arizona, I grew up loving the practice of law. There is something about the competitive nature of law that really excites me. And, criminal defense is always a challenge. Walking out of court with the client's appreciation for the hard work put into his case is the best feeling.. I have 3 children, one grandson. I have retired from officiating high school and youth football, basketball and baseball. My football and baseball ended after 15 years when the demands of my practice just took too much time. I went 29 years in football. But with three knee injuries in my last 5 years of officiating, I had to retire in 2019.. When not practicing law, I try to practice magic.... still not great at it, but trying. And, I have recently taken up billiards.. Getting older means taking those steps to remain physically and mentally healthy. I work out most days. I just recently competed a personal challenge of doing 100 burpees a day for 30 days. Never had done them in earnest before. They kicked my behind. But amazingly, I will never stop doing them. Wonderful exercise.. I am constantly reading to keep my mind engaged.. Since August of 2021, I have published a daily motivational email to a growing list of subscribers. It started as a way for me to stay positive during some tough times, but I realized others could use the same motivation.. I am competitive... doesn't matter the activity. I don't like to lose.. I work hard. When I finally get some downtime, it is to travel and spend quality time with family and friends. With my wife of 20 years, we have agreed that when we travel, our goal is to find a unique restaurant in a new city to give a try. Not really a foodie, but whether it is a revolving restaurant at the top of building, or a restaurant in a cave, we just wanted to try something unique.
Blischak Law is dedicated to top notch legal representation
Bernardo Garcia is a bilingual criminal lawyer based in Phoenix, Arizona. He focuses his practice on many areas of criminal defense, including crimes that involve misdemeanors and felonies. He serves clients in the greater Phoenix area, including Goodyear, Avondale, Gilbert, Scottsdale, Tempe, Mesa, Chandler, Glendale and more. Other surrounding areas of practice include Maricopa County and Pinal County.. Mr. Garcia speaks fluent Spanish. If your loved one does not speak English but has been charged with a crime, he or she can be at a serious disadvantage. Some attorneys rely on their legal staff to act as translators, which can lead to breakdowns in communication. This only adds to the confusion that can take place in the criminal justice system. Mr. Garcia can speak directly to your loved one in Spanish to keep the lines of communication open and clear.. Bernardo Garcia offers free consultations, as well as free jail visits within Maricopa County. If your or a loved one need a Phoenix criminal defense attorney, contact Mr. Garcia today.. Attorney Garcia handles many types of criminal defense, including illegal reentry after deportation, DUI/DWI, and aggravated assault. With over 25 years of experience as a Arizona Spanish speaking criminal defense lawyer, Mr. Garcia can provide capable and effective representation for your case, no matter how large or small. If your loved one is caught up in the Arizona legal system, Mr. Garcia can help you every step of the way.. You can expect knowledgeable, professional legal services that are carried out with personal attention and care. Mr. Garcia does not delegate important tasks to his legal staff. Calls from his clients are routed to his personal cell phone, and he will answer day or night. If necessary, he will even take an emergency call at 3:00 AM.. The Arizona criminal justice system can be relentless and unforgiving, but Mr. Garcia believes in protecting you or your family member to the greatest extent possible under the law. He protects all clients as if he were protecting his own. He offers representation for a number of different types of cases, including homicide, mental health defenses, and arson.
Belen was recently named “2020 Litigator of the Year” by the American Institute of Trial Lawyers. Belen has focused her career as a Phoenix criminal defense attorney and was never a prosecutor. She advocates fiercely for her clients and is an excellent negotiator while maintaining her ethical and respectable approach. She collaborates with civil and immigration attorneys, whenever necessary, to develop the best outcome for her clients. Belen also knows how to develop the best defense possible and recruits psychologists, forensic experts, psychiatrists, accident reconstructionists, ballistics experts, fire experts, videographers, toxicologists, criminalists, and many other doctors. She also possesses a Masters in Education with a focus on elementary education, which she used while teaching for 8 years. She has extensive knowledge of special needs, learning disabilities, accommodations, 504 plans and IEPs. This knowledge allows Belen to provide a well-rounded representation to all her clients.
Being charged with a criminal or driving offense can be a very stressful time in an individual's life. The criminal justice system is a very demanding and confusing process that should be navigated with the help of an experienced criminal defense lawyer. The Newsome Firm is fully dedicated to helping each and every client to the highest degree possible. Lafayette's clients receive the dedication and attention to detail that can make the difference in a criminal or DUI case.. Don't let finances stop you from having your rights protected. We offer flexible payment options.. The Newsome Firm is determined to uphold the rights of their clients as provided in the United States Constitution. Lafayette strongly believes that an individual should not be forced to compromise their legal rights because they cannot afford a high priced attorney. Therefore, Lafayette looks to provide individuals with high quality legal representation at an affordable cost.. "Fighting for your rights is as important to me, as it is to you."
Being charged with a criminal offense is a scary and confusing time for most people, but that is where Leslie Pugh’s compassion and understanding come in. She will take the time to really learn about you and your circumstances, allowing her the opportunity to determine all possible outcomes and what approach to defense will best suit your needs. Leslie has dedicated her career to protecting the rights of others through her broad criminal defense practice handling all types of cases including; traffic cases, misdemeanors, DUIs, felonies, sex cases, and probation violations.. Prior to making criminal defense her full-time focus, Leslie also practiced immigration law, regularly representing clients before U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, the Executive Office for Immigration Review, and the Board of Immigration Appeals. When Leslie has a client that has been charged with a criminal offense and is not a citizen of the U.S., she has the hybrid knowledge to advise them on all possible collateral consequences.. Prior to relocating to Arizona, Leslie grew up in the mountains of Colorado. She attended Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado where she received her B.A. in Political Science and History. After she received her undergraduate degree, she moved to Virginia Beach, VA to attend law school at Regent University. Leslie holds licenses in the states of Arizona, Colorado and Tennessee.. When Leslie is not in the office zealously advocating for her clients, you can find her giving back to the community. Leslie has regularly volunteered with community legal clinics helping those that cannot afford regular representation. She also enjoys mentoring youth and traveling internationally to provide aide for refugees and children living in some of the most impoverished areas of the world.
Being a criminal defense lawyer can be stressful at times. Hanging out with my family is what I do to keep my stress down. I have a beautiful wife and three kids. They definately keep me grounded. I also love to ride my road bike for 20 or more miles at a time on the weekend.
Barry Mitchell is a trial lawyer practicing for over 23 years in the area of criminal defense. He focuses on representing individuals and corporations in criminal, regulatory, and administrative cases. Barry handles the full range of state and federal felony and misdemeanor issues.. Barry is particularly skilled and seasoned in defending cases with an intersection between the criminal justice system and administrative licensing authorities. He has represented hundreds of licensed professionals and entities facing matters ranging from domestic violence to money laundering. Chambers USA says “peers praise his detail-oriented style, his sense of judgment, and his proactive approach.”. Barry has a proven track record of conducting effective internal investigations running the gamut of regulatory issues, including FCPA, EPA, SEC, DEA and HHS – OIG matters. He has also helped create and implement compliance programs for organizations ranging from small companies and healthcare practice groups to Fortune 100 corporations.. Barry graduated from Boalt Hall, University of California – Berkeley, in 1991 where he taught legal research and writing, and chaired the Moot Court Board. He graduated summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Arizona State University with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology in 1985.. Before starting the law firm of Mitchell | Stein | Carey, Barry practiced for 22 years at Gallagher & Kennedy, P.A., and was a partner in its Criminal Law and Regulatory Enforcement Group.
Bard Weinstein is a seasoned criminal defense attorney with a reputation for providing strategic, results-driven representation. Raised in Northern California, Bard grew up with a strong legal foundation, learning from his father, a general law practitioner. This background shaped his commitment to justice and advocacy for those facing serious legal challenges.. Bard has built a distinguished career defending clients in a broad spectrum of criminal and federal cases. His comprehensive experience includes DUI, drug offenses, assault and domestic violence, fraud, and violent crimes. As both a skilled negotiator and trial attorney, Bard develops tailored defense strategies designed to protect his clients' rights and achieve the best possible results.. At the core of Bard’s practice is a deep dedication to his clients’ well-being. He recognizes the impact that criminal charges can have on a person’s life and provides unwavering support and legal guidance through every stage of the process. Whether in negotiations or the courtroom, Bard Weinstein is committed to securing justice for his clients.
Attorney Timothy Hintze is a skilled criminal defense and family law lawyer in Phoenix, Arizona. He provides the highest quality legal representation in divorce and child custody cases and to those accused of all types of criminal offenses ranging from misdemeanor DUI charges to serious felony charges in Courts throughout Arizona. He gained extensive experience at some of the largest firms in Arizona, obtaining numerous victories, including jury trial acquittals and complete dismissals. Tim also has experience in complex and high conflict divorce and child custody cases. Contact Tim today at.. Prior to beginning his practice, Tim graduated from law school with the highest distinction of summa cum laude. He was an executive board member for his school’s law review journal and competed in national legal writing and oral argument competitions. During law school, he received multiple CALI awards, which are awarded for the highest grade in a class, for subjects including criminal law, evidence, criminal procedure, civil procedure, contracts, and property law. Tim graduated in the top 3% of his law school class.. Tim was nominated by his peers, vetted, and awarded the honor of being selected for the inaugural edition of Best Lawyers: Ones to Watch. He was also awarded the distinction of being named a Super Lawyers Rising Star and selected by the National Trial Lawyers Association as a Top 40 Under 40 Attorney.. Tim prides himself on exhausting all avenues to ensure that his clients receive the highest level of representation. His comprehensive approach to representing his clients has earned him a reputation as an extremely effective negotiator and trial attorney.. Timothy Hintze's Areas of Practice Include:. • DUI• Criminal Defense• Divorce• Child Support• Child Custody• Parenting Time• Spousal Maintenance/Alimony• Assault and Violent Crimes• Burglary and Theft Crimes• Domestic Violence• Drug Crimes• Expungments• Fireaem and Weapons Crimes• Homicide• Drug Crimes• Probation Violation• Sex Crimes
Attorney Mark Mendoza grew up in Southern California but moved to Utah to pursue his education. He graduated from Brigham Young University in 2001 with a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and then received his Juris Doctorate at the J. Reuben Clark Law School in 2005. He relocated to Arizona in 2005 to begin his legal career.. Attorney Mark Mendoza worked for 12 years as a prosecutor in both Maricopa County and Pinal County. During those 12 years Mark learned to perfect his craft as an advocate, he gained invaluable experience in the courtroom handling thousands of misdemeanor and felony cases, ranging from DUIs to murders. As a prosecutor Mark rose to the rank of bureau chief where he trained and mentored many young attorneys. Mark received a distinguished service award, a commendation, and a violent crimes attorney of the year award for his hard work and dedication.
Attorney Kevin M. Crowley was born and raised in central Phoenix. He attended Northern Arizona University for undergraduate studies and graduated magna cum laude with honors. He attended the University of Arizona’s James E. Rogers College of Law and graduated in 2005 He is proud to have been practicing in the field of criminal and DUI defense since that time.. Since passing the bar exam, Kevin has handled all types of criminal matters, with a focus on DUI offenses. Kevin has extensive knowledge in the field of DUI defense. Kevin has conducted over 30 DUI trials and numerous other jury and bench trials during his career. Kevin prides himself on having an extensive knowledge of the law and believes that all criminal defendants are entitled to not only an aggressive and thorough defense of the case, but guidance and support. Communication with his clients is extremely important to Kevin. As a Phoenix native, Kevin cares deeply about the community and protecting the rights of every person in Arizona.. Kevin enjoys golfing and snowboarding in his free time. He is also a member of the Phoenix Men’s Art Council, a volunteer group that helps raise funds for the Phoenix Art Museum.
Attorney David Teel obtained his Juris Doctor from Arizona State University. After graduation, he worked at the Maricopa County Public Defender’s office, zealously defending clients in a variety of criminal cases. He eventually ascended to the Capital Unit where he became a lead-qualified attorney in death penalty cases. Attorney Teel entered into private practice in 2015. He focuses his practice in the area of criminal defense and appeals with a special focus on DUI/DWI cases.
Attorney Damon Petrehn provides legal representation to clients facing traffic tickets, DUI, and criminal charges in the greater Phoenix area and throughout Arizona. If you find yourself caught up in a ticket, misdemeanor charge, or felony case, you need a tough defense attorney looking out for your interests. Damon Petrehn has a well-earned reputation as an attorney who will fight for your rights and help you get a result that will minimize the impact of your case. Tough in the courtroom, rigorous in the review of the evidence, and a formidable negotiator - Attorney Damon Petrehn is someone on your side who truly believes all clients are innocent until proven guilty and who works tirelessly to look out for your interests!. From your free initial consultation onward, you work directly with the attorney. He offers experienced legal counsel based on the particulars of your case and always makes sure you understand both the charges you face and your legal options.. If you’re dealing with Arizona’s legal system, don’t ignore the problem hoping it will go away. Call attorney Damon Petrehn at Liberty Law today!
Attorney Candy Marrufo hails from San Luis, Arizona but later moved to Phoenix to pursue her education. Upon graduating with her Bachelor of Science in criminology, Ms. Marrufo went to work for the organization "ICAN." Here, she worked with at-risk youths in Chandler with the goal of keeping them out of gangs and crime. After her time at ICAN, she decided to go back to school to pursue her law degree. Ms. Marrufo's experiences have made her a more compassionate criminal defense attorney.
As an Arizona native DesaRae Tucker understands the judicial process unique to Arizona.. As a former Prosecutor, Ms. Tucker provides the foundation needed to provide the level of service to represent you that places you and your unique situation at the center of her practice.. Ms. Tucker enjoys volunteering her time at various pro bono events offering legal services to veterans and some of the most vulnerable people in our state.
As a recent former Maricopa County prosecutor, I have the skills and experience to provide the best defense in your case, be it for DUI, CDL violations, felony charges, or other misdemeanor(s). This unique experience gives me the edge over other attorneys. I know how a prosecutor thinks, and how a prosecutor is trained, and I will use those skills to your advantage. Moreover, I have significant courtroom and trial experience to help obtain a beneficial solution in your case.. I graduated magna cum laude from the University of Baltimore. I have worked for several prosecutorial agencies before beginning my career as a successful defense lawyer, including an internship with the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia and the Maryland Attorney General.. As a prosecutor, I won several awards for Division Attorney of the Month and Bureau Attorney of the Month. I have handled over a thousand felony and misdemeanor cases and have been successful in numerous jury and bench trials, inluding DUI, drug possession, various traffic offenses, and more. I will meticulously evaluate your situation and give you my honest assessment.. I pride myself in being available, attentive, and knowledgeable. I will work hard for you and keep you apprised ofevery aspect of your case. You will not be just another case. I appreciate, respect, and listen intently to my clients. My fees are very affordable and I offer reasonable payment plans. Call now for a free consultation.
As a personal injury and criminal defense attorney, Claudia Horan is committed to achieving just outcomes for all of her clients. Whether advocating for those who have been injured or defending the rights of persons who are accused of a crime, Ms. Horan has devoted her career to serving those in need of aggressive legal representation.. In addition to her personal injury litigation experience with Phoenix-based firms, Ms. Horan worked with a national plaintiff-based class action law firm representing consumers who have been injured by large corporations and their products. She also participated in high-profile cases, such as In Re NCAA Image and Likeness Licensing Litigation in the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.. Prior to becoming a licensed attorney, Claudia was a legal assistant and paralegal at a personal injury and criminal defense law firm for several years. During law school, Claudia worked at the Maricopa County Attorney’s Office in the felony trial group as a Rule 38 Certified Prosecutor.
Arja Shah is a leading Criminal Defense Attorney serving Phoenix, Scottsdale, Mesa, Tempe, and surrounding areas. Arja acquired her experience by successfully defending thousands of clients facing criminal charges carrying life-altering ramifications. Arja truly understands what it is at stake when you’re charged with a crime and takes great pride in offering very personalized service to her clients. Arja strongly believes it’s not just about knowing the law, but also knowing how to comfort and lead people through difficult times.. Evidenced by client reviews and numerous awards, Arja believes that everyone deserves a quality defense. Arja will aggressively defend you in court while vigorously protecting your constitutional rights.. Arja was selected to the The National Top 100 Trial Lawyers and named a 2015 and 2016 Top 100 Attorneys by Phoenix Magazine.. Arja Handles Every Client Directly. She is Your Partner, Not Just a Lawyer. Contact Arja today.
Arizona's Super Lawyers Rising Star, the National Trial Lawyers: Top 100, and one of Arizona’s Outstanding Lawyers of 2018 are only several of the distinguished accolades Bret Royle has been awarded as a Phoenix based criminal defense and DUI attorney.. However, before he began practing law, Bret attended the University of Miami School of Law. After graduation from law school, Bret joined an Arizona criminal defense firm, where he gained valuable experience in numerous areas of the law. He proceeded to open his own firm in 2011, where he focused on DUI and criminal defense, gaining a reputation as one of the more successful young criminal defense attorneys in the Phoenix area. Bret has been featured on CNN, Fox News, ABC News and NBC News amongst others.. Bret joined with fellow Phoenix criminal defense attorney Adam Feldman in founding their firm, Feldman & Royle, where he continues to dedicate himself to the successful representation of clients charged with a wide array of criminal offenses, from criminal traffic violations to murder. Mr. Royle provides a free consultation for those interested in learning more about the ways in which Feldman & Royle can assist those charged or being investigated with a crime.
Andrew Charles Long is a former Public Defender who worked for both the Mohave and Pima County Public Defender’s Offices. As a Public Defender, he handled hundreds of criminal cases; both misdemeanor and felony, and successfully litigated several felony and misdemeanor trials and pre-trial motions. Andrew has a passion for the law and defending his clients’ rights.. Andrew served honorably in the United States Marine Corps from 2004 to 2008 before utilizing his GI Bill to attend college. He graduated cum laude from Towson University where he obtained his bachelor’s degree in Political Science. Andrew attended Arizona State University – Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law where he twice earned the William C. Pedrick scholar award and completed the Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office clinic. During law school, he was active in both veteran and homeless legal assistance organizations.