Top best E Lawyers in Phoenix | 6314 available
6314 E lawyers are available in Phoenix, Arizona. These lawyers are rated between 4.6/5 to 5/5 and 54% provide free consultation with fees ranging from $47 to $61 per hour.
3788 - 6314
$178 - $423
47% - 61%
4.6 - 5.0 ★
6314 E Lawyers Found Near You
Alice’s professional interests, as exemplified in her firm’s practice areas, have deep roots in her past before she became a lawyer. Alice was born in southern Europe. Her father escaped from a Communist regime. When Alice immigrated to the United States, it was her third cultural adjustment. She knows well the difficult challenges that assimilation presents. For this reason, the immigration experience is in her blood.. Drawn to the study of foreign cultures, Alice decided to pursue a graduate degree in History, focusing on Latin American Studies, with minors in the Caribbean and Africa. She learned about the political and socio-economic histories of these nations, and travelled through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Jamaica and Mexico City.. After graduation, she went to Washington D.C. where she worked as a paralegal. However, the terrible injustices resulting from the wars in Central America led her to also volunteer at a D.C. non-profit, helping people with asylum applications. Her interest in asylum law continued in law school, where she interned at a San Diego non-profit that handled asylum law.. Alice understands what it is like for families separated by borders. When she was very young her father came to the United States first while she and her brother and mother followed. She is committed to reunited families separated by borders through family based visa petitions, which may include adjustment of status or consular processing. More often than not, they will include having to file waivers for unlawful presence. Alice can also help clients with less than perfect records file for naturalization.. Alice’s other interest is bankruptcy. When she graduated from law school and passed the bar the real estate market was crashing and the financial markets froze. People were losing their homes. Since law firms were not hiring Alice decided to hang out her own shingle and she started off helping people file for bankruptcy. She finds it very rewarding helping people get their financial life back on track.. Alice enjoys having her own law practice, which focuses on immigration and bankruptcy law. If you want a dedicated lawyer committed to achieving the best possible results, give the Law Offices of Alice Vacek Aranda PLLC a call. She will find a creative solution to your immigration issues or tell you truthfully whether anything at all can be done. She will also analyze your financial problems and let you know whether bankruptcy might offer a solution
Alexis Keith is a licensed Arizona Attorney. Alexis has lived in Arizona for five years and is originally from the Chicago-land area. Previously, Alexis worked as a corporate contracts representative and negotiator for a Fortuneogy and aerospace corporation. Following her time as a contracts negotiator, she was previously employed with the Arizona Attorney General’s Office as an Assistant Attorney General. Alexis represented the State in Juvenile Dependency, Guardianship, and Severance proceedings.. Currently, Alexis is working as a Plaintiffs Attorney practicing Workers Compensation law as an associate attorney with Matt Fendon Law Group. In her free time, Alexis enjoys cooking and spending time with her Husband, son and three dogs.
Alexis a native of Tucson, Arizona, and has lived in Phoenix since 2001. In law school he worked for the Arizona Attorney General’s Office representing the Arizona Real Estate Department, Insurance Department and Banking Department. He also interned with the United States Attorney’s Office – Criminal Division and clerked for Judge LeVay and Judge Richardson at the Executive Office of Immigration Review. His first job after graduating from law school in 2004 was with the Maricopa County Attorney’s Office where he prosecuted numerous misdemeanor and felony cases. Alex then went on to practice with private firms practicing in insurance defense, commercial litigation and criminal defense.
Alexander “Alex” Moorhead is an experienced attorney serving the Greater Phoenix area since 2007. He has a passion for helping his clients through difficult times to bring them the best possible result. He understands that these issues are not only personal, but can be stressful. He offers the compassionate yet direct legal services you need. Outside of work he takes great pleasure in raising and caring for his own family including his wife and two kids. Alex is an avid sports fan following all major sporting events and everything ASU related. Go Cardinals!
Alexander Silkman is the founding personal injury attorney for The Silkman Law Firm and focuses in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death matters. Originally from Colorado, he has made Arizona his permanent home since 2010.. Alexander earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Financial Services from Westminster College in Salt Lake City, Utah. Upon graduation, he worked as a hospital administrator for a large veterinary clinic, overseeing as many as four doctors and twenty-five support staff. Alexander eventually returned to school and received his Juris Doctorate degree from the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University.. Alexander focused his legal training on practical aspects of law. He served as a law clerk at boutique firm while in school where he focused on researching and writing on many areas of law involving multiple civil litigation cases. Additionally, he participated in his law school’s Healthcare Entrepreneurship clinic for multiple semesters where he worked for a start-up healthcare company, finding legal solutions to problems involving everything from licensing agreements to creating an electronic prescription system that complied with various state laws. Alexander’s work with the Healthcare Entrepreneurship clinic earned him a CALI Excellence for the Future award.. As a personal injury attorney, Alexander is dedicated to advocating the best possible position for his clients. He strives to educate his clients about the law, their rights, how the legal system works and how his clients can use that knowledge to their advantage whether they have been injured in an auto accident or dealing with a wrongful death suit.
Alejandro is a partner at Jaburg Wilk. Alejandro has committed his career to improving the workplace. He routinely defends companies of all sizes against claims of sexual harassment, discrimination, wage and hour violations, wrongful termination, retaliation.. Additionally, Alejandro assists clients with a range of compliance issues, internal and government investigations, compliance audits, restructurings, reductions in force, restrictive covenant agreements, employment handbooks and policies, and other employment law-related issues.. Alejandro’s clients value his proactive approach to identifying preemptive strategies that increase job satisfaction and minimize risk. Alejandro also conducts training on a number of employment-related topics, as well as on diversity, inclusion, implicit bias, respectful workplace norms, and leadership development.. Alejandro also represents professionals before their licensing boards in both investigations and in defending their licenses. He has represented medical professionals, including physicians, nurses and pharmacists; mortgage professionals; contractors; and various other professionals.. Additionally, Alejandro has litigated cases involving complex probate disputes, defamation, invasion of privacy, breach of contract, and other commercial matters.. Outside of his law practice, Alejandro is an active member in his community. He also serves as a legal commentator in the media discussing emerging employment issues and other legal topics.. El Abogado Alejandro Pérez habla español.
Alden chairs the firm’s Employment and Education Law Departments. She assists employees and employers with wage and hour disputes, harassment and discrimination claims, restrictive covenant disputes, whistleblower claims, and federal and state compliance issues. In her education practice, she assists students and educators with residency, tuition, disability accommodation, discrimination and retaliation, disciplinary matters, and tenure and promotion disputes. Alden has substantial experience representing clients in state and federal court, private arbitration, mediation, and in administrative proceedings. Her wide array of experience affords her unique insight into how to best protect her clients’ interests.. Alden has been recognized as a Southwest Super Lawyer Rising Star, Best Lawyers One to Watch, and Phoenix Magazine Top Attorney. Before entering private practice, she clerked for the Honorable Patricia Orozco (Ret.) at the Arizona Court of Appeals.. Alden enjoys giving back to her community and currently serves on the Board of Directors for Audrey’s Angels and volunteers for the Times Up Legal Defense Fund. She has also coached multiple undergraduate and law school moot court teams. In 2017, the ASU Law Moot Court Board named her the Coach of the Year after her Representation in Mediation team placed third at the ABA’s national competition. Alden won the national championship as a competitor in law school.
Alcock & Associates attorney Elizabeth Maupin defends clients throughout the valley with a wealth of knowledge and experience in the criminal justice system. She is a former county felony prosecutor and former city misdemeanor prosecutor. She understands the criminal justice system and how to secure favorable results. She also cares about her clients and holds genuine compassion for them. She always puts their interests first. She has built an excellent reputation as an attorney for her ability to secure outstanding results and due to her numerous positive relationships with prosecutors, judges and criminal defense attorneys.
Al Ricciardi is nationally known for his multi-million-dollar settlements of tire separation and rollover accident claims.. As part of his business litigation practice, Al Ricciardi has experience in advising and representing business clients in a number of areas, including contract claims, insurance bad faith claims, litigation related to personal guaranties, real estate disputes, business fraud and misrepresentation, employment rights and environmental claims.. In addition, his experience includes matters involving serious personal injury, wrongful death, and major product liability. Al's product liability practice generally focuses on losses stemming from tire separation and liability in the use of 15-passenger vans.. A Super Lawyers selectee, Al is nationally known for his multi-million-dollar settlements of tire separation and rollover accident claims.
Aggressive litigation and injury lawyer.
After passing the Illinois Bar and Illinois Certified Public Accounting exams in 1990, David Cutler began his legal career combining his legal and financial skills for the benefit of small business and entrepreneurial type clients. He has served as corporate counsel to numerous start-up, mid-size, and public companies. His litigation experience includes bench and jury trials, ranging from tort to corporate and commercial litigation, and includes trademark, employment, shareholder oppression, contract, real estate, consumer fraud and franchise litigation. The testimony to his success is a near 100% long term client retention.. As Cutler & Associates grew, Cutler chose to concentrate his practice in consumer bankruptcy, where his accounting and financial background has earned him respect and appreciation amongst his peers and court trustees alike.. Cutler has served on various non-profit boards and has been recognized and honored by the Chicago Legal Volunteer Services, The Ark and the Chicago Legal Clinic.. In 2020, Cutler joined the Arizona State Bar and works as a partner at Phoenix Fresh Start Bankruptcy, with offices throughout Arizona.
After obtaining a degree in Political Science from Arizona State University in 2011, Nick completed law school at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State. He also recently took and passed the Arizona Bar Examination. Nick currently works as an attorney for Snow, Carpio, & Weekley doing Worker's Compensation. He is active both in his community and in his church. He is fluent in Spanish and Portuguese having lived in over 4 different countries. In his free time he enjoys going to the gym, surfing, kayacking, writing, reading, ASU football, and hanging out with his wife and daughter.
After graduation from law school in 1976 I joined Merchant & Gould in Minneapolis as an associate. I was admiited to the Minnesota bar and registered to practice before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In 1982 I became a shareholder in the firm and later became a senior vice president, served on the firm's board of directors, and served as its litigation group practice chair. For the last 25 or so years at Merchant my practice focused on intellectual property litigation. I handled bench and jury trials in patent infringement cases in Federal District Courts nationwide, and tried cases before the United States International Trade Commission involving goods accused of infringing U. S. patents. I also argued cases before the United States Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit.. In 2007 , my wife and I, both avid golfers, decided to relocate to Phoenix where we had owned a second vacation residence. I joined Snell & Wilmer as of counsel in its intellectual property law practice group. In 2010 I left Snell to open my own practice as Underhill Law Office P.L.L.C. My practice continues to focus on contested/disputed matters including litigation and arbitration. In addition I also assist clients in identifying their valuable intellectual property, acquiring patents, trademarks and copyrights, licensing, enforcement, and defense of infringement claims.
After graduating Summa Cum Laude from the University of Maryland, Ms. Tuchman completed her legal education at Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles and became a member of the California bar in 2008. In 2009, Ashley moved to Arizona and became a member of the Arizona bar that same year.. Through her years of experience as a civil litigator and consumer law attorney at McCarthy Law PLC, she has seen how much of an impact finances can have on a family. The domino effect that debt, real estate, employment and credit disputes can have on even the most successful familial bonds is tremendous. Ms. Tuchman was able to apply that knowledge to her position as a family law attorney at Modern Law.. Now, as the owner of Tuchman Law PC & partner of the Freedom Defense Firm, Ms. Tuchman brings with her immense dedication and many years of financial law experience to the practice areas of debt settlement, debtor rights, bankruptcy and employment law. Such experience allows her to provide clients with a more well-rounded picture of what their options are with all of the ancillary issues that come when familial relationships and finances are in crisis.. Areas of Practice Experience: Civil Litigation, Debt Settlement, Bankruptcy, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Wrongful Termination, Discrimination, Wage Disputes, Personal Injury, Family Law
After graduating Northern Arizona University with a degree in Speech Communications, I attended Arizona State University College of Law. Since 2003 I have represented clients in a wide array of legal areas, including criminal law, corporate law, employment law, construction/lien law, and general civil litigation. My practice also includes contract review and drafting for business entities and general corporate formation. I began my career at a small law firm focusing on general civil litigation. Afterwards, I spent a portion of my career as in-house counsel for a large crane company in Phoenix, Arizona, affording me more experience in construction/lien law, OSHA/MSHA/DOT regulatory compliance, motor vehicle claims, employment law and insurance law. I am licensed to practice law in the State of Arizona and am a member of the State Bar of Arizona. I currently practice in Phoenix, Laveen, and surrounding areas.
After graduating Mrs. Ortega was immediately hired by the Maricopa County Attorney's Office in part due to her accolades and also due to the extensive trial experience she developed through the Trumann Young Fellowship. By the end of her last year of law school she had first-chaired numerous serious felony trials and dozens of misdemeanor trials. Alane worked as a Deputy County Attorney in the Major Crimes Fraud and Identity Theft Bureau for six years focusing on large scale white collar crime including violations of RICO statutes, Criminal Enterprise, Criminal Syndicate, Fraudulent Schemes and Artifices and Securities Fraud.. Alane eventually left the Maricopa County Attorney's Office and went on to found her own law practice, The Law Office of Alane M. Ortega, PLLC. Clients are continually impressed by Alane Ortega's results-driven legal service, as well as the respectful candor she uses when conversing with her valued clients. She speaks both Spanish and English.. Practice Areas. For years Alane Ortega has handled complicated criminal cases, including everything from seemingly minor misdemeanor allegations to serious felony charges. Regardless of the extent of her clients' criminal charges, Alane always provides fast, aggressive representation.. Although she is best known for her work in criminal law, Alane Ortega's practice focus has shifted to a variety of general practice areas with a focus on her in court oral advocacy and vast trial experience. This includes criminal forfeiture, civil trial work, family law matters, juvenile court matters, and dependency matters. Alane's focus is on believing in her client's cause.. Alane's clients speak highly of her compassionate approach, as well as her ability to create a spirit of cooperation, even in the most contentious of legal situations. Family matters handled at the Law Offices of Alane M. Ortega, PLLC include child custody, child support, property settlements, guardianship, and adoption, among others.. The Law Offices of Alane M. Ortega, PLLC is also a litigation firm. As a civil litigator, Alane Ortega utilizes the same aggressive approach that has served her well in criminal law. Due to her diverse background, she is especially well suited to cases involving the overlap of criminal and civil law.. Many Arizona residents find it difficult to find high-quality medical marijuana representation. These individuals are encouraged to seek counsel from the Law Offices of Alane M. Ortega, PLLC, which handles complicated cases involving medical marijuana investment and board member disputes as well as dispensary licensing matters. Alane Ortega is willing to handle cases involving both the criminal and civil aspects of medical marijuana law.. Practice AreasCriminal LawFamily LawMedical Marijuana Law
After graduating from U.C. Davis law school, Mr. Micheaels began practicing law in 1979. His practice is concentrated in the areas of medical negligence, general tort liability, professional liability, and insurance bad faith. He has taken over 75 trials to a jury in the state and federal courts in Arizona.. Mr. Micheaels has a Martindale-Hubbell “AV” attorney rating and is a State Bar Certified Specialist in Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation. He has been listed in Best Lawyers in America for over 10 years and is a Fellow in two of the most prestigious societies of trial lawyers in the country, the International Academy of Trial Lawyers (with membership limited to the top 500 trial lawyers in the U.S.) and the American College of Trial Lawyers (with membership limited to only 1% of lawyers in the U.S). He has been named by Phoenix Magazine for a number of recent years as one of the top lawyers in the Valley specializing in personal injury, medical malpractice and civil litigation. He has been chosen as Lawyer of the Year for the Phoenix area by Best Lawyers in the Areas of Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury Law for 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.
Adrienne is an Arizona native, born and raised. She completed her undergraduate degree in Mathematics at Pepperdine University and returned to the Valley to teach mathematics. While teaching, she earned her Master's Degree in Business Administration with a focus in Finance at Arizona State University. Ready for a change and a new challenge, Adrienne left teaching to pursue a law degree at the University of Denver, Sturm College of Law in Denver, Colorado. While in law school, Adrienne was a member of the Colorado Women's Bar Association, Black Law Students Association, and the Criminal Law Review. She also worked as a law clerk at Evans Case Law Firm, a civil litigation firm in Denver. Adrienne's proudest accomplishments in law school were her accolades as a member of the Sturm College of Law National Trial Team. Adrienne's first semester in the trial program, she earned the Scholastic Achievement Award. In 2013, she and her partner won the Hoffman Cup Championship, an annual trial competition held at University of Denver. The following year, Adrienne and her teammates competed against the top 16 trial programs in the country in the Annual National Trial Competition at Baylor University and finished third, which is, to date, the most successful finish in the history of the Sturm College of Law Trial Advocacy program. In 2015, Adrienne graduated from law school, moved back home to Phoenix, and began practicing family law. In August 2018, she joined the team at Jones|Raczkowski PC, where her practice is focused on litigating matters involving premises liability, automobile accidents, and general negligence. Adrienne currently serves on the board of the Arizona Black Bar Association and is a graduate of the 2018-2019 Arizona Bar Leadership Institute. In her spare time, Adrienne enjoys crossfit, traveling, and trying new restaurants. Adrienne also continues to work with youth in her community.
Abdoukadir ‘Abdul’ Jaiteh, Esq. is the Founder and Managing Attorney of AJ LAW, PLC. He has approximately 15 years of insurance claims and personal injury law experience. Abdul’s experience in the nuances of insurance law began before he was an attorney. Abdul began his personal injury career working for insurance companies as a Claims Representative and Litigation Adjuster. Abdul, has insider knowledge about insurance claims practices and now represents victims of car accidents and other insurance related matters. His rare inside experience as an insurance professional through many years of training and working for insurance companies sets him apart from other personal injury attorneys. This is the type of experience lawyers cannot get in law school. Abdul, attended and graduated from both Safeco Insurance Claims Training and Travelers Insurance Claims University.. Abdul, has a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics and Finance from the Metropolitan State University of Denver, CO, where he was named to the Dean’s List and received a Colorado Scholars Award for academic excellence. He continued to work as an insurance carrier while he pursued his Juris Doctorate from Phoenix School of Law.. Before opening his own practice, Abdul expanded his knowledge even more, by starting his career as an insurance defense attorney. Abdul, is of a rare few attorneys who can say they know how personal injury cases work from all three perspectives of a claims adjuster, insurance defense attorney, and plaintiff’s personal injury attorney.. Abdul, is proud of building a personal injury law practice with emphasis on individualized care and attention to his cases because he did not envision becoming just another “factory law firm” churning out thousands of cases, with the same template approach to everyone. Instead, he prides himself on his commitment to purposely accepting lower numbers of personal injury cases, so he can give each of all our clients the individual focus to their cases that they deserve. As former insurance adjuster, Abdul knows how to negotiate with insurance adjusters and their attorneys to get you the maximum settlement for your case. As a trial attorney, he knows how to fight for you in court and if you're not getting fair and just compensation.
Abbie received her J.D. from Roger Williams University School of Law and her M.S. in Forensic Psychology, with a concentration in family violence, from Walden University.. Abbie’s practice revolves around conflict resolution, mediation, and legal document drafting. As a family mediator, Abbie brings her training and education in both law and psychology, which helps her navigate difficult and sensitive issues for her clients. With a unique approach that includes a focus on holistic outcomes, Abbie seeks to provide affordable assistance and workable solutions in both the litigation and mediation arenas for her clients. Abbie strives to empower her clients while ensuring their rights are protected during legal document drafting and supporting their self-determination during mediation.
Aaron has dedicated his practice to representing individuals against the wealthy and powerful, whether they be corporate, governmental, or an individual. After passing the California and Oregon bars in 2012, Aaron opened his own practice, Alecto Law, which he successfully ran for four years. The name Alecto (https://en.) reflects Aaron’s passion for going to trial against greedy bullies who would hurt their own customers and clients for profit. In 2016, Aaron joined a non-profit in San Francisco (The Eviction Defense Collaborative) and provided court representation to at least 75 tenants facing eviction. With a preference for Plaintiff’s work (as opposed to defense), Aaron then joined Dawson & Rosenthal in 2017 in order to take on insurance companies for wrongfully denying claims in pursuit of profit.Aaron received his Bachelor’s degree from Lewis & Clark College in 2007 and his law degree from Santa Clara Law in 2011. During law school, Aaron interned at the Inter American Court of Human Rights in Costa Rica, and repeatedly won awards for his oral advocacy, including Best Oralist at the National Environmental Law Moot Court Competition in New York. He served as co-president of the Environmental Law Society and received awards for outstanding academic achievement and the Pro-Bono Recognition Award. Aaron is licensed in Arizona, California, and Oregon and has assisted in multiple jury trials (including, most recently, one resulting in an $18 million verdict for two CA-based sisters who's homeowner's claim was wrongfully denied by their insurer).
A wonderful attorney I know once told me "I am privileged to represent people at the most trying times of their lives." I took that statement to heart and it defines my entire practice. My goal is to provide people with complete represenation, to offer them solutions during the most trying times of their lives.. I have spend years representing clients in some of the most trying situations. Criminal, Delinquency, Child Welfare, and intensive civil litigation are all areas I have not just represented my clients in, but won tremendous victories in. In the areas of criminal law and juvenile delinquency law having represented clients in everything from homicides to terroristic threats; from high level felonies to low level misdemeanors I am proud to have stood by my clients. I also have over a decade of experience in child welfare cases such as guardianships, severance of parental rights, adoptions, and dependency. Over the last five years I have also added civil litigation into my practice at the request of several of my clients. In this realm I advocate for my clients in everything from car accidents to municipal lawsuits.. Due to efforts on behalf of my clients I was honored to receive the Arizona Public Defender's Association's Rising Star Award in 2015. To this day I consider it one of my greatest accomplishments. However, it is not enough for me to rest just on that commendation. I am also a regular presenter on criminal and juvenile law in the Arizona legal community, a member of the Executive Counsel of the State Bar of Arizona's Juvenile Law Section, and a member of the National Association of Counsel for Children.
A partner in Keller Rohrback’s Phoenix office focusing on business and estate matters, Stephanie uses her substantial skillset to dissect and analyze the problems that her clients bring her in order to find solutions that put them in the best position possible.. Stephanie firmly believes that proper preparation on the front end of an issue helps avoid difficulties on the back end when emotion might otherwise interfere. She applies this philosophy when guiding clients through legal matters ranging from basic estate planning to multi-million-dollar mergers and acquisitions.. In her estate planning practice, Stephanie has significant experience with standard estate planning as well as sophisticated estate planning for high-net worth individuals. She is also well versed in probate and trust administration matters, and routinely helps clients resolve real property title issues.. As a former sole practitioner, Stephanie knows what it takes to build, run, and maintain a successful business. She brings this experience to her corporate practice where she helps her clients with all aspects of corporate transactional work including the formation of new business entities, general counsel, business and planning, succession planning, and mergers and acquisitions.
A native of Phoenix, Adam Hauf, upon receiving his Juris Doctor Degree in 2008, was immediately hired as an associate at a Phoenix bankruptcy firm. While at that firm, he was responsible for overseeing Chapter 7 and 13 bankruptcy cases from filing to discharge. Adam then, after several successful years of firm pratice, started his own firm in early 2013. Further, in order to better serve his clients Adam expanded his area of pratice to include Chapter 11 cases, business law practice and estate planning.Adam is a resident of the West Valley, where he currently lives with his wife and two daughters. When he is not working hard in his professional duties, he serves as a member of his church board, he enjoys playing softball and board games.
A fourth generation Arizona native (born and raised in Prescott), Troy's experience is as vast as the State's many landscapes. For over two decades, Troy has assisted in employment and labor matters in private practice and as a General Counsel for a large healthcare organization in Phoenix. In addition to his legal experience, Troy has boots-on-the-ground experience as a Human Resources Director and consultant for local and large national companies. From this vantage, Troy represents both individual employees and business clients in harassment/discrimination, wrongful termination, employee discipline, wage and hour issues, contract disputes, severance agreements, and other employment matters. Troy helps his clients from consultation and advice all the way through litigation and appeal.. In his role as a General Counsel in the healthcare industry, Troy has expertise in provider disciplinary matters, compliance with federal and state laws, administrative and government audits and certifications, and preparing for those audits. Troy represents healthcare agencies, including Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and provider practice groups on these matters. Troy is also a go-to for reviewing individual provider and practice group agreements.. Troy served as the Editor-in-Chief for his law review and clerked for judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and the Arizona Court of Appeals.