Top best E Lawyers in Austin | 7193 available

During my more than twenty-five years of legal experience, I have acquired a wealth of civil litigation and drafting expertise in the areas of consumer and business disputes, contracts and purchcase agreements drafting, creditor’s rights, bank garnishments, insurance defense, insurance subrogation claims, and personal injury.  I have handled thousands of cases in all phases of the litigation process.. I have had my own law firm in Austin since 2014, during which time I have assisted corporate clients in drafting their business contracts and in handlilng their disputes with other entities.  I have also assisted numerous individuals in various kinds of business and personal disputes, primarily involving contracts and/or the collection or settlement of debts.  I worked with another local firm in handling insurance litigation and yet another firm in providing editing of all legal docuemnts drafted by all attorneys and paralegals in the firm for a number of years while also handling my own cases.  Prior to returning to Austin in 2014, I worked as an associate for The Moss Law Firm, P.C., of Lubbock for four years from 2010 - 2014.  I previously worked for numerous years at the Carlson Law Firm of Austin before having my own law firm for over six years between 2003 and 2010.. I graduated cum laude from Texas A&M University with a Bachelor of Business Administration in Marketing, and went on to pursue my Juris Doctorate from Texas Tech University School of Law.  I am licensed to practice in the State of Texas and in federal court in the Western District of Texas.

Doug Lackey has thirty years of experience in the courtroom handling cases involving catastrophic injury and disease. Doug has successfully first-chaired a significant number of jury trials and has defended companies and individuals in the following areas of litigation: medical malpractice, pharmaceutical litigation, toxic tort and environmental, product liability, construction disputes, legal malpractice, and general commercial litigation. Doug’s experience in complex and multi-party litigation matters include product liability and toxic tort and environmental litigation.. Doug currently serves as national counsel for two large companies with regard to their toxic tort litigation, and defends several clients in cases involving products, toxic exposure and complex medical issues.

Doug Brothers has more than 30 years of experience in a wide variety of complex litigation matters, representing both plaintiffs and defendants in trials, appeals, and arbitrations.. He has obtained and collected numerous large awards and settlements in a wide range of matters spanning the practice areas listed above.. On the defense side, Doug has successfully represented on an ongoing basis a high-rise design-builder, real estate developers, banks, and insurers.. Doug has been recognized for his accomplishments by numerous organizations. He has been selected for inclusion inTexas Super Lawyers® since 2003, and in The Best Lawyers in America© for Bet-the-Company Litigation, Commercial Litigation, and Legal Malpractice Law since 2008. Doug was also named Best of the Bar for Civil Litigators by the Austin Business Journal in 2003.

Distinguished as an Advanced Credentialed Mediator by the Texas Mediator Credentialing Association, Karin has successfully resolved hundreds of cases involving commercial and personal injury disputes, first and third party insurance claims, franchise and employment contracts and family law matters. She is a member of the Texas Association of Mediators and the Association of Attorney-Mediators, and is an approved mediator for the U.S. District Court-- Western District of Texas. Karin is admitted to practice law in all Texas courts, as well as the Northern, Southern and Western Districts of Texas. She is also a highly regarded leadership and mediation skills trainer and CLE speaker.Karin has represented corporations, insurance companies and individuals in a wide variety of litigation, including complex first and third party insurance cases, personal and premises liability, medical malpractice, construction defect, worker’s compensation, toxic tort and family law. She was selected as the Outstanding Young Lawyer of Dallas and was named in D Magazine as one of the Best Lawyers in Dallas Under 40 before moving to Austin in 2003. Since 2005, she has been named as a Texas Super Lawyer-- Rising Star in Litigation seven times and was named as the only Rising Star in Alternate Dispute Resolution by Texas Monthly Magazine. She was honored as one of the top young Austinites of the year in the fields of law and public service, and was named as a finalist three times by the Austin Under 40 Committee. She has served in the William Sessions and Patrick Higginbothom American Inns of Court. In addition to her legal work, Karin is a devoted volunteer. She is the past President of the Texas Young Lawyers Association and served on the State Bar of Texas Board of Directors, as a member of the Executive Committee of the State Bar of Texas. She has served on the Texas Bar Journal Board of Editors, on the board of the Texas Bar Foundation, and served two terms as the Chair of the Supreme Court’s Task Force to Expand Legal Service Delivery. She currently co-chairs the Austin Bar Association’s Leadership Academy, the Special Projects Committee, and serves on the Adoption Day Committee. She is a director of the Austin Bar Association’s ADR Section and is also a past president and former volunteer coordinator of the Grandview Hills Elementary PTA.Karin is a 1997 graduate of St. Mary’s University School of Law, where she was selected as a member of the National Order of Barristers and as the recipient of the Judge Jack Miller Ethics in Advocacy Award, the St. Mary’s Award for Marianist Service to the Community, the Pro Bono Service Award and the Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Law School Community. She graduated from the University of Texas at Austin, where she was a member of the 1994 National Champion Speech Team.

Dennis C. Postiglione is a trial attorney with over 12 years of litigation experience.  While the majority of his career has been spent advocating for the rights of injured people, Mr. Postiglione spent 4 years as a defense attorney.  Because of this, he brings a unique understanding to the negotiation and prosecution of his cases.. Mr. Postiglione graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English with a Minor in Philosophy from the University of Texas at Austin.  He was a member of the Dean’s List despite working full time through his entire undergraduate career.. Mr. Postiglione went on to obtain his Doctorate of Jurisprudence from South Texas College of Law where he was a Dean’s List Member and an academic scholarship recipient during all three years of law school.  He was a Member of the Law Review and achieved membership in the Phi Delta Phi Honors Fraternity and received two American Jurisprudence Awards for academic achievement before graduating in the top 15% of his law school class.. Since 2011, Mr. Postiglione has been an Adjunct Professor at University of Texas Law School Professional Development Center.  He has served as the Keynote Speaker at the Texas Criminal Justice Court Judge’s Association CLE, the Keynote Speaker at the Texas Justice Court Judges’ Association Contract and Tort Law Seminar, and the Travis County EMS/StarFlight Annual Continuing Medical Education Seminar, as well as speaking at various seminars across the State of Texas. His publications include:. “Liability for Work Site Injuries,” Ultimate Claims Handling Seminar XIII, October 2009. “Slip, Trip Fall, Ouch!; An Update on Premises Liability, Non-work Site,” Ultimate Claims Handling Seminar XIII, October 2009. Today, Mr. Postiglione practices primarily in the areas of Catastrophic Personal Injury, Wrongful Death, Dog Bite, Premises Liability, and Auto and Trucking Accidents.  He is a member of the Austin Bar Association and the Texas Trial Lawyers Association, and is licensed to practice in the State of Texas and in Federal Court in the Western and Southern Districts of Texas.. Mr. Postiglione is enjoys running, adventure racing, mountain biking, and hiking.  He relaxes by spending time in the Texas Hill County.

Dedicated to championing the needs of individuals and contributing positively to the community, Mr. Esteban Sandoval embodies the values of compassion and excellence in his legal career. Unlike many, he not only upholds these ideals but wholeheartedly embraces them throughout his journey. It's his unwavering passion that sets Mr. Sandoval apart. He believes that genuine care fuels excellence, allowing impactful assistance. With an unyielding commitment to excellence, he's propelled countless clients to remarkable outcomes.. In 2016, Mr. Sandoval, alongside Benedict James, founded Sandoval and James Law Firm, elevating industry standards with a vision for advancement. Raised in El Paso, Texas, his leadership qualities were evident from an early age, notably as a football team captain in high school. Graduating from the University of Texas at Austin with a Government degree, he met his wife, Kendra Sandoval, a U.T. tennis team member. Their academic journey continued in Las Vegas, where they each pursued graduate degrees before returning to Austin as leaders—Mr. Sandoval in law and Mrs. Sandoval in dentistry. With three sons, family is central to Mr. Sandoval, who treats every client like kin.. An esteemed member of the Texas Trial Lawyers Association and Capital Area Trial Lawyers Association, Mr. Sandoval serves on the Texas Trial Lawyers Association's board of directors. He passionately advocates for equitable laws and access to justice for Texans with valid claims.. Recognitions from esteemed bodies such as the National Trial Lawyers and the National Association of Distinguished Counsel showcase Mr. Sandoval's accomplishments. His membership in the Million Dollar Advocates Forum and Multi-Million Dollar Advocates Forum reflects his prowess in securing substantial recoveries for clients. Fluent in Spanish, Mr. Sandoval's law firm prides itself on aiding individuals from all walks of life.

Deborah is a partner in the firm's Environmental, Administrative and Public Law Department concentrating in environmental and water issues. She represents groundwater conservation districts, municipalities, private companies and individuals on a broad range of environmental and water matters. Prior to joining Kemp Smith, Ms. Trejo was an Assistant District Attorney for Cameron County in Brownsville, Texas, where she served, among other things, as the supervisor of the Misdemeanor Section and First Chair Felony Prosecutor and was responsible for reviewing all felony drug cases.

Dax I. Garvin has been a licensed Texas attorney since 2002, which isthe year that he first moved to Travis County, Texas.  Dax focuses notonly on knowing the current Texas law, but he dedicates himself tounderstanding each client's personal situation because he understandsthat it is not only the facts that are important but the backgroundcircumstances of each case and every person involved that affect theoutcome of a client's matter.. Mr. Garvin served as a peace officer in central Texas,wearing a uniform, patrolling his district, and enforcing the law forover two and a half years.  During this time, Dax learned how manyofficers think and why they respond to situations the way that theydo.  This knowledge and experience sets Dax apart from many otherlawyers, that have never worked in law enforcement.  Mr. Garvin alsoworked for clients whose insurance companies were involved and defendedthem in matters ranging from minor automobile collisions to cases thatinvolved the death of another person, so he knows and appreciates theprocedures and complexities of civil litigation.  Mr. Garvin began hislegal career in 2002 with the Travis County Attorney's Office, where heserved as a misdemeanor prosecutor, interacting with law enforcementofficers, crime victims, defense attorneys, and countless other partiesthat had an interest in the outcome of the case he was working on atthat time.  It was in this role that Dax learned to recognize the veryessence of a State's case, understanding not only the elements that theState must prove to convict but the other forces that explain why acase is filed, prosecuted, and tried.

David Moore has over 25 years of trial experience representing plaintiffs and defendants in highly complex cases in almost every aspect of the law. He has handled construction cases as large as $35 million in damages, and participated in the longest jury trial in Williamson County history resulting in a verdict in favor of his client. He was involved on the cutting edge of the development of bad faith law in Texas, with 3 landmark cases argued in the Texas Supreme Court. Today he devotes himself to the peaceful resolution of divorce cases, but has tried highly contested child custody cases before a jury when necessary.

David Komie graduated from Florida Atlantic University on a tennis scholarship. He had a brief and humbling stint on a small pro tour before he decided to attend Mercer University's Walter F. George School of Law.. In law school David eventually made his way onto the Mercer Law Review, faring much better than he did on the tennis court. After graduating in the summer of 1989, David began working for the Atlanta insurance defense firm of Chambers, Mabry, McClelland & Brooks. Under the mentorship of the legendary Bo Chambers, David successfully tried 30 solo jury trials without a loss.. The last case that David tried with Chambers, Mabry was a Plaintiff's case. David was hooked, having helped an individual rather than a large insurance company. So in 1994 David left the dark side and has been representing regular folks against rich and powerful insurance companies ever since. The experience of being in the camp of the enemy and learning how they think has proven to be extremely helpful to the injured people that David represents. As a complement to his focus on personal injury, Attorney Komie also works in real estate law.. In addition to his legal practice, David is married and has two children. His family is the center of his life. When he's not husbanding or parenting he plays rock star in his band Dharma Kings.

David has been consistently practicing law for over 28 years with an emphasis on Civil Litigation. David began his career handling primarily insurance defense cases in Louisiana and then broadened his practice to general civil litigation when he moved to Texas in 1997. David handles matters in all of Texas State and Federal Courts ranging from evictions in Justice of the Peace Courts to complex Class Action Litigation in Federal Courts. David's vast litigation experience has dovetailed into his Mediation and Arbitration practice. As a mediator, David can assists parties in finding a solution for disputes to avoid the costs and risk of litigation.

David grew up in Odessa, Texas and moved to Austin at the age of 19 to work for Lt. Governor Bob Bullock. After 12 years working in the Texas Senate and House, David worked as a consultant and mediator until he attended law school.  David now practices Law in Austin and surrounding areas.

David Gonzalez is the founding partner of Sumpter &Gonzalez, a criminal defense firm whose commitment to social justice involvesdefending against serious criminal accusations for both private and indigentclients. The Firm’s mission tochange people’s lives, in each individual case and in greater in federal and juvenile criminal defense practice, the Firm assists clients beyond the legal issues oftheir cases using a team of lawyers and social workers to address theunderlying causes of a client’s involvement in the criminal justice system.. In 2008, he was awarded the Outstanding Young Lawyer of theYear award by the Austin Young Lawyers Association, and was a finalist in theAmerican Bar Association’s National Outstanding Young Lawyer of the Year &in the local Austin Under 40 awards.. David froze to death at DartmouthCollege, then went out West to Stanford Law Schoolin search of warmer weather. David met his wife on the first day of law school,but she pretty much ignored him for the next two years until he was able toconvince her to date him midway through their second year.. The two of them juggle their law practice with three kids (allunder the age of 5) in tow.  In his freetime, David enjoys playing dress up, puzzles, Legos, “school,” kitchen, andtyping on the ‘compuper.’

David G. Langenfeld represents employees in cases and lawsuits against employers and former employers.  These cases usually involve claims of unpaid overtime and discrimination based on sex, race, national origin, religion, age, disability, or pregnancy.  Mr. Langenfeld is Board Certified as an Employment & Labor Law Specialist by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.

David D. White, Attorney at The Law Office of David D. White, PLLC: Austin Criminal Lawyer. If you are looking for an Austin Criminal Defense Attorney then look no further.  With experience from both the prosecution side and the defense side, I have been able to focus on, and have successfully handled all types of criminal cases, including DWI, drug cases, assaults, alcohol offenses, motions to revoke probation, motions to adjudicate guilt, expunctions, motions for non-disclosure, and all severe felonies across the board.  Our goal in every case is to get your charges dismissed and/or put you in a position where your criminal history will remain clean.. If you are in trouble with the law and need your charges dismissed, call me immediately.  I am the Austin Criminal Lawyer for you!  Call my office today at or visit us downtown at 608 W. 12th Street, Austin, Texas 78701.

David C. Courreges, lis the founding member of Courregs, PC, a client and community-focused firm focusing on legislative affairs and all aspects of government law.  His practice aslo includes administrative law, association law and mediation. He has over a decade of direct experience in government law, working as the legislative director for two high-ranking state representatives, general counsel for two non-partisan legislative caucuses, as well as a consultant for several entities dedicated to the research and promotion of sound public policy.In 2011, Mr. Courreges was honored as one of the top young Austinites in the fields of government and public affairs by the Austin Under 40 committee, and a finalist in the legal category in 2012. He was recognized by the publishers of Texas Monthly as one of two Texas Rising Stars in government relations in both 2011 and 2012, and was tabbed to co-chair the Austin Bar Association’s Legislative Committee for the same period.Mr. Courreges has been given the unique opportunity to share his legislative experience in the classroom as an adjunct professor at St. Mary’s University where he teaches undergraduate and graduate level courses in legislative policy and procedure. He has also helped create and is the on-site administrator for the Frank J. Madla and Irma Rangel Legislative Internship Program sponsored by St. Mary’s University, and legislative externship programs for St. Mary's University School of Law and Baylor Law School.He currently serves as president of the St. Mary’s Law Alumni Association – the youngest in the Association’s history. He has served on the Board of Directors since 2006 and is a member of the Executive Board of the Austin chapter. He is an active member of the Austin Bar Association. In addition to serving as co-chair of the Legislative Committee, he co-chairs the ABA/AYLA Leadership Academy, and the Austin Bar Wildfire Legal Response Team. He is also a member of the board of directors for the Austin Young Lawyers Association and is active in the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Austin Young Chamber, The Settlement Home for Children, Leadership Austin, and Volunteer Legal Services.From 2007 to 2011, Mr. Courreges served as a member of the Board of Directors for the Texas Young Lawyers Association, and was the Association’s vice president for the 2010-2011 bar year. As a member of the Board, he assisted in the development and distribution of several law-focused education projects, including the production of the award-winning Vote America! Honor the Fight, Exercise Your Right, You’re Hired, Now What? , and distribution of They Had A Dream Too! For his efforts, he received the 2008 TYLA President’s Award for Outstanding Leadership and Service, and TYLA President’s Awards of Merit in both 2007 and 2009.. Mr. Courreges earned his J.D. and MPA from St. Mary's University in May of 2005, and his B.A. in Government and History from the University of Texas in December, 2000. During law school, he served his fellow students as the President of the Student Bar Association and was the recipient of numerous awards and scholarships, including the University Presidential Medal, the Law Alumni Association/ Campus Ministries Leadership Award, and the ALI-ABA Scholarship and Leadership Award.

Darrin is a Partner at Lype, Dest & Smith, PLLC. Darrin practices primarily in the areas of administrative and health care law, with a focus on the representation of professionals in front of their licensing boards and credentialing bodies. Darrin formerly worked for the Texas Medical Board and currently defends licensees in front of the Texas Medical Board, Texas Board of Nursing, Texas State Board of Dental Examiners, Texas Behavioral Health Council and others state agencies. These services include license defense, obtaining initial licensure, license renewal and many other aspects of administrative law. Darrin also defends physicians and nurse in hospital peer review proceedings and credentialing matters.. Darrin grew up in San Antonio, TX. He attended Texas A&M for undergraduate, where he earned a BA in English with a Rhetorical focus and a Minor in Russian. Darrin attended law school at Florida State University College of Law, where he graduated cum laude. His law school education included a focus on administrative law and he participated in externships at the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Florida’s Division of Administrative Hearings.  He also worked as a law clerk with the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation. Darrin moved back to Texas after graduating from law school in 2008 and settled in the State’s capital of Austin, where he has worked on both the agency side and the defense side of administrative practice.. Darrin brings a level-headed approach to each client’s individual situation, develops a comprehensive plan, and aims to keep his clients informed and engaged in their defense.

Daniel Wannamaker is a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist and Board Certified Criminal Appeals Specialist. His office is located in Austin.. He has won numerous federal and state jury trials and has secured a presidential pardon for a client. He has recently won a not guilty in an aggravated robbery jury trial, and has represented a number of high profile clients in the news.

Daniel has been representing clients charged with criminal offenses in Austin TX since 2011 and has dedicated his practice solely to criminal defense over the full course of his career.  Having received a degree in Chemistry from the University of Chicago prior to attending law school at University of Texas at Austin, Daniel finds that his clients are always in a better position to defend themselves against the ever-increasing use of forensic scientific evidence with a trained scientist representing them.  Despite this science background, Daniel is approachable, personable, and a skilled litigator who has the ability and the follow-through to get clients out of the most intractable of situations and to effectively negotiate on their behalf the best possible resolution for their case.

Daniel grew up in a military family, lived in a variety of places throughout his life, and ultimately attended high school in San Antonio. It was in San Antonio that Daniel earned his Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. From there, Daniel attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts, with honors, in 2007. Daniel then graduated, summa cum laude, from the University of Houston Law Center in 2010. While in law school, Daniel interned with Houston federal district judges Sim Lake and Gray Miller.. For the first seven years of his career, Daniel solely represented employers in all sorts of employment related disputes, most recently at a prominent international labor and employment law firm. Daniel has extensive experience in wage and hour, discrimination, retaliation, and wrongful termination litigation. Daniel has jury trial experience, has litigated numerous cases through a final disposition, and has recovered hundreds of thousands of dollars on behalf of his clients. Daniel has also successfully defended his litigation wins on appeal.. Daniel and his wife, Laura, are raising three energetic children in Austin, Texas. When he finds free time, Daniel is an avid outdoorsman, runner, and fisherman.

Daniel A. Clark was licensed to practice law in Texas in 1997.  In 1999, he worked with the Child Support Division of the Texas Attorney General's Office.  In 2007, Daniel A. Clark started private practice and began serving the legal needs of the citizens of Travis and Williamson County, Texas.  Let Daniel A. Clark, put his legal experience to work for you and your family.  Call for a free phone consultation!

Dan Christensen has been practicing law since 1994. He started his career working in military courts, notorious for their strict adherence to rules and procedures. For the last several years, Dan has focused his practice exclusively on representing injury victims. He has been involved in almost 200 trials during his career in numerous federal and state courts against the largest defendants, including the U.S. Government. Dan will utilize his experience and proven results while fighting for you. Regardless of the size of the opponent, Dan has the experience and legal knowledge to aggressively advocate for his clients. And, just as important, he will give you and your case the personal attention it deserves from the initial free consultation through trial.. Dan received a bachelor’s degree with Honors in 1991 and his J.D. with distinction from the University of Iowa in 1994. After graduating from law school, he served in the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps (JAG) in Fort Hood, Texas. He served as a prosecutor and defense counsel in numerous administrative hearings and courts-martial ranging from minor offenses to kidnapping, rape, and capital murder. After being honorably discharged from the U.S. Army JAG Corps, Dan joined a Texas personal injury law firm. Dan worked as the Chief of its Litigation Department and was the firm’s principle trial lawyer for years, trying numerous cases each year. Also, as the head of the firm’s personal injury division, Dan supervised and mentored between 15 and 20 trial lawyers at a time as they prosecuted thousands of cases.. Dan is Board Certified in Personal Injury Trial Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, as well as Board Certified in Civil Trial Law by the National Board of Trial Advocacy. He is an Associate Member of the American Board of Trial Advocates. He possesses the highest rating (AV) from the legal consulting firm Martindale-Hubbell and has been recognized by Texas Monthly as a “SuperLawyer.” Dan is listed in Best Lawyers in America and as National Trial Lawyers Association’s Top 100 Trial Lawyers. Besides representing injured Texans, Dan has contributed substantial time to writing articles for local and national publications, speaking to groups on various legal tops, and serving as an Adjunct Professor at the University of Texas School of Law.. Dan completed study at the Trial Lawyers College, a 3-week immersion program held on renowned trial lawyer Gerry Spence’s Wyoming ranch. The Trial Lawyers College was created by Gerry Spence to teach criminal defense and civil plaintiff lawyers how to most effectively communicate with jurors and achieve superior results. Lawyers have to apply and be accepted into the program to be allowed to attend. Dan has also attended both the Graduate I and Graduate II courses, also held at the ranch.

Dan Austin regularly advises companies, investors, and entrepreneurs in connection with a wide variety of business transactions and corporate governance matters. Dan's practice area specialties include Venture Capital and Private Equity, New Business Ventures, Intellectual Property and Commercial Agreements, Mergers and Acquisitions, and General Counsel Services. His experience involves a broad range of emerging growth industries, including technology, energy, and life sciences. Dan began his legal career in the Austin, Texas office of Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. , a preeminent global law firm. Prior to becoming an attorney, Dan was a Field Artillery officer in the United States Army, where he attained the rank of Captain, led teams, planned operations, and managed many millions of dollars worth of combat equipment. Because of his unique legal and management experience, Dan provides clients with a level of sophisticated and personalized service typically associated with that available from large, top tier national and global law firms.

Damon Moore uses the law to help influencers, entertainers, entrepreneurs, and other great people make their lives better.  Damon’s career as a lawyer began in Indiana. Damon was the founder and principal lawyer for the Law Office of Damon Moore. Damon’s firm handled cases involving civil rights, family law, criminal law, and appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit. His firm also provided legal services for entrepreneurs who sought to start or expand their businesses. Damon moved his law firm to Texas and, after a stint in Midland, Texas as a staff attorney for a public interest law firm, established his own law firm in El Paso, Texas. While practicing law in El Paso, Damon served as a Senior Lecturer for the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP).  In his capacity as Senior Lecturer, Damon taught an undergraduate course about the history of African-American entrepreneurship and the federal civil rights legislation that impacted it.Damon’s career advising professional athletes, sports figures, and entertainers began during law school. During his last year of law school, Damon recruited a football player who was drafted by a Canadian Football League team. Since 2004, Damon has maintained an impressive roster of CFL clients for whom he has negotiated contracts and provided legal services.

Dale L. Roberts is a trial lawyer representing individuals, small and medium-sized businesses, and large institutional clients involving products liability, toxic tort, premises liability, commercial litigation and general litigation, at the trial court level and on appeal.