Internal prototype — noindexed, not linked from public navigation yet.

Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 12.004

This is the official text of Tex. Business & Commerce Code § 12.004, part of Texas’s Business & Commerce Code — governs commercial transactions and general business practices.

Not legal advice. This page reproduces the official text of a government statute for reference only. Laws change, and how a statute applies depends on your specific facts. For advice about your situation, consult a licensed attorney in your state.

§ 12.004. CONTROL OF VIRTUAL CURRENCY.

Official statutory text

(a) A person has control of a virtual currency if the following conditions are met:

(1) the virtual currency or the system in which the virtual currency is recorded, if any, gives the person:

(A) the power to derive substantially all the benefit from the virtual currency;

(B) subject to Subsection (b), the exclusive power to prevent others from deriving substantially all the benefit from the virtual currency; and

(C) subject to Subsection (b), the exclusive power to transfer control of the virtual currency to another person or cause another person to obtain control of a virtual currency that derives from the virtual currency; and

(2) the virtual currency, a record attached to or logically associated with the virtual currency, or the system in which the virtual currency is recorded, if any, enables the person to readily identify the person as having the powers specified in Subdivision (1).

(b) A power specified in Subsection (a)(1)(B) or (C) can be exclusive, even if:

(1) the virtual currency or the system in which the virtual currency is recorded, if any, limits the use to which the virtual currency may be put or has protocols that are programmed to result in a transfer of control; and

(2) the person has agreed to share the power with another person.

(c) For the purposes of Subsection (a)(2), a person may be identified in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number.

Status: in_force · Read it on the official government site

About this page: Statute text is reproduced from official government publishers via the Open US Law dataset (Vaquill AI, snapshot v2026.08, CC BY 4.0). Primary legislative text like this is public domain under the government-edicts doctrine (Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 2020). We link every section back to its official source so you can verify it independently.