Cal. CIV § 1431
This is the official text of Cal. CIV § 1431, part of California’s Civil Code — covers contracts, property ownership, personal rights, and other general civil obligations between private parties.
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Official statutory text
Joint Liability
An obligation imposed upon several persons, or a right created in favor of several persons, is presumed to be joint, and not several, except as provided in Section 1431.2, and except in the special cases mentioned in the title on the interpretation of contracts. This presumption, in the case of a right, can be overcome only by express words to the contrary.
An obligation imposed upon several persons, or a right created in favor of several persons, is presumed to be joint, and not several, except as provided in Section 1431.2, and except in the special cases mentioned in the title on the interpretation of contracts. This presumption, in the case of a right, can be overcome only by express words to the contrary.
Status: in_force · Read it on the official government site
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