Ala. Code § 31-2-112

(a) Whenever there is an insurrection or outbreak of a formidable character which has overawed, or threatens to overawe, the ordinary civil authorities, or in cases of disaster, and the authorities in such county, city, or town, have attempted and failed to quell the same by use of a posse comitatus, or it is apparent that such attempt would be useless, the Governor on a certificate of such facts from any four conservators of the peace in such county, city, or town, or from any circuit court judge, probate court judge, sheriff, or justice of the Supreme Court, shall immediately order out such portion of the National Guard or Militia as he may deem necessary to enforce the laws, and preserve the peace, and the Governor may, when the urgency is great, order out such troops without any certificate from either of the officers mentioned in this section, but in no case shall the Governor keep in service in any county, city, or town, of the state for more than 10 days any troops or militia other than that raised in such county, except in time of invasion or actual insurrection unless some justice of the Supreme Court or circuit judge, or the sheriff thereof, shall certify to him that the longer presence of such militia or troops is requisite to the proper enforcement of the law or the preservation of the peace therein.

(b) In case there is a failure of the means to communicate with the Governor or his authorized representative, due to riot, insurrection, civil disturbance, or disaster, the mayor of a city or town, the sheriff, probate judge, or a circuit court judge of the county involved may direct the highest commander or officer of the National Guard within the county to call to duty such units of the National Guard in the county as are necessary to suppress such riot, insurrection, or civil disturbance or render assistance in case of disaster. Civil authorities shall not call units of the National Guard to duty under this section unless local authorities are unable to restore order and unless the authorities have attempted to communicate with the Governor or his authorized representative, but lack the means to do so due to the circumstances set forth in this section.

(c) The Governor, as Commander in Chief, is authorized to call out all or any such portion of the National Guard as he may deem advisable, upon his determination that a state of emergency exists.